Migration policy framework for Africa and plan of action (2018 – 2030) Recommended strategies i. Adopt measures to enhance the self-sufficiency of refugees and IDPs residing in camps, including, inter alia, granting rights to employment, access to land, freedom of movement and other socio-economic rights when possible, without gender-based discrimination. ii. Ensure that all refugees and IDPs have access to education and skills training in order to facilitate their eventual integration or reintegration into host and/or home communities. iii. Ensure that all refugees and IDPs have access to comprehensive health care including sexual and reproductive health services. iv. Adopt measures to preserve the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps by ensuring the physical safety of refugees and IDPs and the security of camps, including, where necessary, establishing civilian camp police forces, and separating combatants and other armed elements from refugee populations. Take specific measures to protect the rights and safety of women and girls. v. Establish confidential gender-based violence prevention and protection services for refugees and IDPs. vi. Use voluntary repatriation, local integration and resettlement to address protracted displacement situations, through a comprehensive and integrated approach based on international solidarity and burden sharing. vii. Counter environmental degradation caused by the protracted presence of displaced persons by implementing relevant and targeted environmental protection programmes, and calling upon UNHCR and countries of first asylum to identify areas for resettlement. 6.4 Crisis prevention, management and conflict resolution Conflict is a root cause of forced displacement. Displacement caused by conflict has destabilising effects on national and regional security, with adverse consequences for the ability of host nations to provide protection to refugees and security to their own nationals. Since forced 62 displacement is closely linked to conflict, both as a consequence and as a potential cause of further conflict, it should be addressed through national, regional and continental dialogue and cooperation, with a view to prevent and manage conflict.