IN AFRICA MIGRATION FOR DEVELOPMENT II. The strategic framework for managing migration IN AFRICA Recommended strategies i. Establish Diaspora focal points or agencies to manage Diaspora affairs and dual citizenship programmes. ii. Encourage entities such as the European Union (EU)/European Commission (EC), AU, ILO and IOM, and other organisations and their respective projects, to assist African States and their Diaspora agencies or focal points to develop effective Diaspora engagement policies and actions. iii. Implement training on whole of government approach to engaging the Diaspora, starting with the mapping of the Diaspora (skills, needs, concerns etc.) and engaging different ministries of government in strategising about how to reach out to the Diaspora, build trust and develop programmes for mutual engagement and benefit. iv. Undertake research on second and later-generation migrants whose relationships with the origin country are different to those of first-generation migrants, and develop appropriate policy responses to engage them in the development of their countries of origin. v. Consider to pass law or any other measures on dual citizenship for the Diaspora or implement other mechanisms to facilitate the participation of the Diaspora in their countries of origin. vi. Implement the relevant aspects of the Declaration of the Global African Diaspora Summit. vii. Facilitate the ratification of the protocol on the amendments to the Constitutive Act to enable the Diaspora to participate in the AU. viii. Create the necessary political, social and economic conditions such as an enabling policy environment, democracy and good governance to serve as incentive to attract Diaspora. ix. Create conducive conditions for a higher rate of permanent return, conduct systematic reviews of return programmes to achieve a better understanding of the experiences of Diaspora returnees who participated in these programmes, including the key factors which inspired their decisions to make their return either temporary or permanent, and use the findings to develop a more favourable policy environment. x. Boost financial investment by the Diaspora, by providing better investment protection, including insurance. xi. Establish a reliable database on the Diaspora, both to determine their size, location and skills, and promote networking and collaboration between experts in the State of origin and those in the Diaspora. 43