identify the key stakeholders who can help them achieve these outcomes (both targets and allies) including, for example, registry officials, government agencies, courts, civil society, UN bodies, and Ombudspersons. The tangible outcomes identified in the research framework included: • introducing or enforcing safeguards in nationality laws to ensure that a child who would otherwise be stateless can acquire a nationality; • ensuring that a determination of statelessness leads to a child being able to acquire a nationality as early as possible and within a known time frame; • promoting and effectively implementing the right to immediate birth registration; • providing for birth registration even if the period within which the birth should have been declared has expired; • ensuring that documentary proof of birth is issued in all cases; and • securing the right of stateless children to have access to their birth certificate and any civil status documents concerning them. The organisations selected to participate in the project were Tirana Legal Aid Society (TLAS) in Albania,5 Foundation for Access to Rights (FAR) in Bulgaria,6 Organisation for Aid to Refugees (OPU) in the Czech Republic,7 Convive-Fundación Cepaim in Spain,8 and Right to Protection (R2P) in Ukraine.9 3. Research participants As anticipated, the cohort of children, young people and families who participated in the research represent a wide variety of profiles in terms of their countries of origin, migration journeys, personal circumstances, and reasons for their (risk of) statelessness.10 They included children who were born on the territory of the research country, children born in transit or in a parent’s country of origin, unaccompanied refugee children and young people and children 5 For more information about TLAS, see: http://www.tlas.org.al/en For more information about FAR, see: http://farbg.eu/ 7 For more information about OPU, see: https://www.opu.cz/cs/ 8 For more information about Convive-Fundación Cepaim, see: https://www.cepaim.org/ 9 For more information about R2P, see: https://r2p.org.ua/?lang=en 10 To read more about which groups of children in migration are at risk of statelessness and why, see: ENS & the Initiative for Children in Migration (2020) No child should be stateless: Ensuring the right to a nationality for children in migration in Europe: https://www.statelessness.eu/updates/publication/no-child-should-bestateless-ensuring-right-nationality-children-migration and ENS (2020) Birth registration and the prevention of statelessness in Europe: identifying good practices and remaining barriers: https://www.statelessness.eu/updates/publication/birth-registration-and-prevention-statelessness-europeidentifying-good 6