nationality. This prevented two of the children in the research from resolving their statelessness through this route.16 Some of the Czech cases also had additional complexities including family members with serious health issues, and issues of family separation, so, a range of different actors and agencies were involved in supporting the families. Case study - Mia Mia was born to refugee parents (one from Central America and one from a former Soviet State), who met in a refugee camp in the Czech Republic while in the asylum process. Mia’s parents feared persecution in their home countries and so were unable to contact their embassies in the Czech Republic to register their baby’s birth and acquire a nationality. They filed an asylum application for Mia indicating her statelessness, but this was never examined, and her nationality was recorded as being the same as her mother’s. All three asylum claims were initially refused, so the family appealed to the regional courts. After more than three years in limbo, the regional court overturned the negative decision in Mia’s mother’s claim, recognising the persecution her family had faced in their home country. The court then overturned the negative decision in Mia´s claim without a hearing, but her statelessness was still never considered. The Ministry appealed on procedural grounds, but the Supreme Administrative Court agreed with the arguments OPU helped Mia put forward and rejected the appeal. Mia´s parents tried very hard to resolve their daughter´s statelessness and get protection for the family. They were frustrated by unnecessary delays and the fact that the Ministry ignored their daughter´s statelessness and even disputed the regional court’s decision, delaying her case even further. Mia and her mother were eventually granted subsidiary protection and her father’s asylum case is being reconsidered with the help of OPU. However, Mia’s statelessness remains unresolved for now. The strategies chosen in each case involved first seeking regularisation or citizenship for the children (and/or parents) through administrative routes, which in three cases resulted in refusals from the competent authority, and in a fourth, a refusal is expected. Partners then worked with the families to consider - and in four cases, pursue - solutions through the courts. In three cases, the outcomes from the litigation process are still pending. In the case of the Armenian-Cuban child, the court case regarding international protection for the 16 For more information on the legal and policy framework relating to statelessness in the Czech Republic, see https://index.statelessness.eu/country/czech-republic