large-scale displacement from Mosul, includes establishing new camps, upgrading existing camps, and increasing the capacity for protection interventions. Turkey continues to host more than half of the over 230,000 registered Iraqi refugees in the region. North Africa The conflict in Libya continued to have severe consequences for civilians, with approximately 350,000 IDPs, over 300,000 returnees and an estimated 100,000 refugees and asylum-seekers in need of protection and humanitarian assistance - of which 38,000 had registered with UNHCR. International staff are still based in Tunis since they were evacuated from Libya in 2014. UNHCR has conducted two field assessment missions to Tripoli and to Benghazi in 2016. While access remains challenging, UNHCR continued to provide life-saving assistance to the most vulnerable refugees and asylum-seekers through partners and national staff via hotlines and community centres in Benghazi and Tripoli. Cooperation with the Libyan Coast Guard and immigration authorities has further increased. UNHCR now has regular access to 14 of approximately 18 State-run detention centres throughout the country and is planning to expand its presence at disembarkation points, with two health posts already established at the ports of Tripoli and Zawya. UNHCR provided core relief-items and emergency medical care upon disembarkation and in detention facilities, identified people with specific needs and advocated for their release from detention. In Tunisia, UNHCR continues to monitor the situation at the border and to update its contingency plan accordingly. In Mauritania, UNHCR assisted more than 42,000 Malian refugees in M’bera camp and focused its efforts on reinforcing the self-reliance of refugees through increased investment in education, vocational training and income-generating projects. In June, a tripartite agreement on the voluntary return to Mali was signed by Mali, Mauritania and UNHCR, however large-scale returns are not yet envisaged in light of current conditions in Mali. UNHCR continued to provide life-saving assistance to 90,000 of the most vulnerable Sahrawi refugees in the five camps near Tindouf, Algeria. UNHCR redesigned its livelihoods and self-reliance activities with a special focus on youth, while maintaining the existing care and maintenance programme in order to reduce vulnerabilities and improve living conditions. Assistance, including the rehabilitation efforts following the floods in October 2015 has been hampered by limited finances. Yemen The complex humanitarian situation in Yemen continues to be alarming and the systemwide level-3 emergency response remains in place. Since the escalation of the conflict in Yemen at the end of March 2015, some 180,000 people have fled the country mostly to Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan, and further afield. An estimated 82 per cent of the 27 million people residing in Yemen is in need of humanitarian assistance, including 2.2 million IDPs and almost 950,000 IDP returnees; 3 million Yemenis are in need of immediate life-saving assistance. In 2016, UNHCR and partners distributed core relief items to more than 261,000 IDPs and emergency shelter kits to over 88,000 IDPs in 16 of Yemen’s 22 governorates. A cessation of hostilities in April 2016 provided an opportunity for humanitarian actors to assist civilian populations previously out of their reach, however the lack of security continues to largely impede humanitarian delivery. In addition, Yemen continued to host nearly 280,000 registered refugees and asylumseekers, mainly from Somalia. UNHCR provided life-saving protection and assistance to refugees and registered new arrivals. It offered legal services and carried out refugee status determination, detention monitoring and resettlement activities. Mixed and onwards movements Asylum-seekers and refugees continued to travel within large-scale mixed movements from Africa and the Middle East, seeking to reach Europe. UNHCR worked with governments and other partners to improve access to safety and protection from refoulement and to seek 2