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ZADVYDAS v. DAVIS
Kennedy, J., dissenting
never returned to INS custody, though he was not admitted
to the United States as a citizen or lawful permanent resident. See Weisselberg, The Exclusion and Detention of
Aliens: Lessons From the Lives of Ellen Knauff and Ignatz
Mezei, 143 U. Pa. L. Rev. 933, 979–984 (1995).)
Here the majority says the earlier presence of these aliens
in the United States distinguishes the cases from Mezei.
For reasons given here it is submitted the majority is incorrect in its major conclusions in all events, so even if it were
assumed these aliens are in a class with more rights than
Mezei, it makes no difference. For purposes of this dissent
it is not necessary to rely upon Mezei.
That said, it must be made clear these aliens are in a position far different from aliens with a lawful right to remain
here. They are removable, and their rights must be defined
in accordance with that status. The due process analysis
must begin with a “careful description of the asserted right.”
Reno v. Flores, 507 U. S. 292, 302 (1993). We have “long
held that an alien seeking initial admission to the United
States requests a privilege and has no constitutional rights
regarding his application, for the power to admit or exclude
aliens is a sovereign prerogative.” Landon v. Plasencia,
459 U. S. 21, 32 (1982). The same is true for those aliens
like Zadvydas and Ma, who face a final order of removal.
When an alien is removable, he or she has no right under
the basic immigration laws to remain in this country. The
removal orders reflect the determination that the aliens’
ties to this community are insufficient to justify their continued presence in the United States. An alien’s admission to this country is conditioned upon compliance with our
laws, and removal is the consequence of a breach of that
understanding.
It is true the Court has accorded more procedural protections to those aliens admitted to the country than those
stopped at the border, observing that “a continuously present alien is entitled to a fair hearing when threatened with