implementation of alternatives 33 and there is no formal mechanism of referral from detention to a procedure to determine statelessness. There are relatively strong procedural safeguards including time limits, information provided to detainees, remedies and periodic judicial reviews.34 However, protections on release for those without status are minimal, with only very basic rights and no guarantee against re-detention.35 The Right to a Nationality, Prevention and Reduction of Statelessness 20. Italian law provides that a child born in Italy to parents who are stateless or cannot confer their nationality, acquires citizenship at birth.36 However, in practice, the implementation of the provision is often not automatic, and parents must provide relevant supporting documentation to have the child’s Italian nationality recognised. 37 Foundlings acquire Italian nationality but may need to prove they do not possess another;38 and there is no risk of statelessness during adoption procedures. 39 Children born to Italian nationals abroad are Italian by law, but registration is required in practice and the father is considered to be the person married to the mother if born in wedlock. If born out of wedlock, paternity must be declared.40 21. Every child has a right to a legal identity and nationality. This is a core principle of international law, which if applied in a comprehensive and non-discriminatory manner, would result in the prevention and reduction of statelessness.41 In Italy, birth registration is assured in law and practice, though late registration may require a court procedure.42 Despite the good practice of children explicitly being allowed to be registered regardless of the legal status of their parents in Italy, there is concern that children born outside 33Senato della Repubblica, Commissione Straordinaria per la Tutela e la Promozione dei Diritti Umani, Rapporto Sui Centri di Identificazione ed Espulsione in Italia, Jan 2017: https://www.senato.it/application/xmanager/projects/leg17/file/Cie%20rapporto%20aggiornato%20(2%20gennaio%2 02017).pdf 34https://index.statelessness.eu/country/italy 35Decreto Legislativo 25 Luglio 1998, n. 286, Testo Unico delle Disposizioni Concernenti la Disciplina dell’immigrazione e Norme sulla Condizione dello Straniero: http://www.cir-onlus.org/2018/12/17/decreto-legislativo-25-luglio-1998-n286-testo-unico-delle-disposizioni-concernenti-la-disciplina-dellimmigrazione-e-norme-sulla-condizione-dellostraniero/ 36LEGGE 5 febbraio 1992, n. 91, Nuove norme sulla cittadinanza, modificata dalla Legge 132/18, Arts. 1(1)(b) & (2): http://www.cir-onlus.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Legge-91_92-modificata-legge-132_18.pdf 37CIR-ENS, Ending Childhood Statelessness: A study on Italy, Working paper 07/15, June 2015: https://www.statelessness.eu/resources/ending-childhood-statelessness-study-italy 38LEGGE 5 febbraio 1992, n. 91, Nuove norme sulla cittadinanza, modificata dalla Legge 132/18, Art. 1(2): http://www.cir-onlus.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Legge-91_92-modificata-legge-132_18.pdf 39LEGGE 5 febbraio 1992, n. 91, Nuove norme sulla cittadinanza, modificata dalla Legge 132/18, Art. 11: http://www.cir-onlus.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Legge-91_92-modificata-legge-132_18.pdf 40Civil Code, Art. 231 & 250: https://www.altalex.com/documents/news/2014/08/22/della-filiazione 41See Article 7 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, when read with Articles 2 and 3 of the Convention. 42DECRETO DEL PRESIDENTE DELLA REPUBBLICA 3 novembre 2000, n. 396, Regolamento per la revisione e la semplificazione dell'ordinamento dello stato civile, a norma dell'articolo 2, comma 12, della legge 15 maggio 1997, n. 127. (GU Serie Generale n.303 del 30-12-2000-Suppl. Ordinario n. 223): http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2000/12/30/000G0442/sg; Ministero dello’Interno, Circolare n.19 del 7 agosto 2009, Legge 15 luglio 2009, n. 94, recante "Disposizioni in materia di sicurezza pubblica". Indicazioni in materia di anagrafe e di stato civile: http://dait.interno.gov.it/servizi-demografici/circolari/circolare-n19-del-7-agosto-2009 7