THE STUDY 1611 households surveyed ORIGIN OF RESPONDENTS DEMOGRAPHICS NEW AND REGISTERED GENDER 88% new refugee households arriving to Bangladesh since 2016 12% households of registered refugees AVERAGE AGE AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD 43 6 years ARRIVED FROM 62% 38% male 50% 50% female from Maungdaw township other: from Buthitaung, from other Myanmar townships, or born in Bangladesh AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT 5.4 years of schooling achieved by a member of the household LANGUAGES A total of 1,611 household respondents were surveyed. These included 1,415 respondents from 25 makeshift camps sheltering recently arrived refugees, and 196 registered refugee households in Kutupalong Refugee Camp. Survey findings were weighted to be representative based on a population framework of 173,657 households. A stratified sample design was used to determine a random selection of blocks with equal probability of selection proportional to the most up-to-date population estimates from July 2019, when the survey was designed. The camp block was used as the probability sampling unit. A random selection of blocks was generated (148 blocks total). Households in each block were then chosen using a random walk direction assigned for each pair of enumerators, who visited shelters in succession and alternately interviewed men and women. In addition, fifty in-depth, key informant interviews were conducted with camp residents. Key informants were selected on the basis of their experience in thematic areas related to mobility, livelihood and hardship. 57% Burmese speaker: at least 1 in household 16% Bangla* speaker: at least 1 in household METHODOLOGY A representative survey was conducted by 22 Rohingya volunteer enumerators with experience working on sensitive data collection within their own communities. members *Many of these are registered refugees who were permitted to learn Bangla, unlike the newly arrived population SCOPE The study was carried out across the 26 camps comprising the refugee mega-camp in the Ukhia subdistrict of the Cox’s Bazar district. This area includes 25 makeshift camps inhabited by Rohingya who have arrived from Myanmar since 2016, and the Kutupalong Refugee Camp, home to registered refugees who arrived in Bangladesh starting in the early 1990s and a younger generation born in the camp. The mega-camp is adjacent to several hostcommunity villages, and its easternmost edge sits less than two kilometers from the Naf River border that separates Bangladesh from northern Rakhine State in Myanmar. Rohingya using temporary border passes once frequently crossed this border into Bangladesh for medical, business, and religious purposes, but it is now tightly controlled by border guards on both sides. Few boats can be seen nowadays, a reminder of the fragility that has come to define this frontier separating South and Southeast Asia.