EXCLUDED FROM participants in FDGs - whether still displaced or having returned home - as being required to secure employment, particularly in the formal sector. This suggests that if more jobs and small business opportunities become available in the future, whether through potential foreign investment or World Bank or UNDP job creation schemes in the formal market, lack of civil documentation would be a significant barrier for paperless people benefitting from these. In focus group discussions with displaced men from Al Senya sub-district, Baiji, and Hawija residing in Tikrit in Salah Al-Din, it was reported that common misconceptions of IDPs and their areas of origin affect their access to livelihood opportunities. They also said that the fact that they were IDPs put them at increased risk of exploitation, and they received lower wages than members of the host community. EMPLOYMENT AT OIL REFINERY IN BAIJI Individuals interviewed in Baiji reported that while many youth applied for jobs at the Oil Refinery in Baiji, their applications were rejected due to the fact that governmental institutions require the four standard ID documents, together with security clearance. One male interviewed mentioned that specific employment opportunities within the Oil Refinery (construction/ maintenance work being under daily labour contracts) are subject to obtaining a security check from the Ministry of Oil in Baghdad, through coordination with the National Security Directorate in Baghdad. FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT Enjoyment of basic human rights, such as the freedom of movement, is denied to paperless PUBLIC SERVICES AND INSTITUTIONS | 17 people in Iraq. Most people reported that a combination of the civil ID and security clearance was required to pass through checkpoints in areas formerly controlled by IS. In focus group discussion, people also linked this to fear of arrest or detention at check points for those without documentation. In Mosul city, displaced people, returnees, and those who never left noted that significant delays in renewing their civil documents rendered them trapped where they were, due to fear of arrest or detention if they tried to pass through a checkpoint without documents. In these cases, the curtailed freedom of movement resulted in people being able to travel for work, leaving them without an income source. In Salah Al-Din, people reported facing difficulties traveling from Baiji to Tikrit as checkpoints do not recognise ‘security clearance’ issued by the Intelligence Office of Baiji. Some reported requiring an additional ‘security slip’ from Tikrit or sponsorship from a resident of Al-Alam, or having to leave their civil IDs at the checkpoint in Al-Alam if staying more than a day. THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT The right to freedom of movement is enshrined in the Iraq Constitution (2005) in two articles. Article 44(1) guarantees the right to freedom of movement, travel and residence for every Iraqi. Article 24 obliges the Iraqi State to guarantee freedom of movement of the Iraqi workforce. This is in keeping with Iraq’s international legal obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In addition, the Iraq National Policy on Displacement (July 2008) re-iterates the right of all displaced people to enjoy freedom of movement (paragraph 6.9), reflecting Iraq’s obligations under the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.