to the growing maritime migration across South and Southeast Asia. The world’s largest refugee camp remains lacking in adequate access to comprehensive healthcare to save Rohingya lives from malnutrition and other preventable illnesses, as well as a debilitating mental health crisis. Access to long-term formal education that aligns with the community’s cultural and societal context remains denied to Rohingya refugee youth. Food continues to be a luxury to these Rohingya regardless of the December 2023 slight recovery in the value of the World Food Programme (“WFP”) rations from United States Dollar eight to 10. Safe and reliable access to infrastructure remains prohibited to them as was demonstrated by the latest wave of mass fires in the camps, which destroyed the shelters of nearly 7,000 refugees – including at least 4,200 children.64 Meanwhile, Rohingya’s status in Bangladesh continues to deprive them from formal employment and other skill-building opportunities for their self-reliance in improving their community’s conditions, and navigating their collective future.65 Basic levels of protection and safety are not afforded to the Rohingya refugees either. Gangs and militant groups among the community, such as the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army and the Rohingya Solidarity Organization, continue to perpetrate abductions, armed robberies, arsons, assassinations and other violent abuses against their fellow refugees, targeting especially community leaders and women who diverge from their conservative norms.66 The camp's lack of opportunities for empowerment and self-reliance contribute to such violence; without any access to education, employment, or prospect of a safe, voluntary, sustainable, and dignified repatriation, many men in particular are forced to rely on these groups for their survival in the camps. Such conditions also endanger women with domestic and interpersonal violence in their shelters that are not built to ensure physical privacy, as well as forced marriage and child marriage.67 At the same time, Rohingya refugees risk abuses from the Bangladesh’s Armed Police Battalion (“APBn”), which monitors the barbed-wire fencing and checkpoints that enclose their camps. Since its deployment to the camps in 2020, the APBn has been reported to have committed extortion, harassment, and arbitrary arrest and detention against Rohingya.68 Women in particular are at risk of sexual harassment and other forms of sexual 64 “Massive fire in Rohingya camp leaves 4,200 children homeless,” Save the Children, January 8, 2024, https://www.savethechildren.net/news/massive-fire-rohingya-camp-leaves-4200-children-homeless; “Nearly 7,000 Rohingya refugees homeless and fire blazes through camp in Cox’s Bazar,” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, January 11, 2024, https://www.unhcr.org/th/en/49309-nearly-7000-rohingya-refugees-homeless-as-fire-blazes-through-camp-in-coxsbazar.html; Nick Baker, “The fire the world ignored,” ABC News, February 11, 2024, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-02-12/rohingya-refugees-fire-coxs-bazar-january/103415134. 65 “‘We are targeted for being Rohingya in Myanmar and everywhere’: The situation of Rohingya since February 1, 2021.” 66 Rebecca Tan, “The Rohingya fled genocide. Now, violence stalks them as refugees.,” The Washington Post, March 7, 2023, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/03/07/rohingya-refugees-targeted-killings-cox-bazar/. 67 “‘We are targeted for being Rohingya in Myanmar and everywhere’: The situation of Rohingya since February 1, 2021.” 68 “Bangladesh: Rampant Police Abuse of Rohingya Refugees: Authorities Demolish Shops, Close Schools, Curb Movement” Human Rights Watch, January 17, 2023, https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/04/04/bangladesh-new-restrictions-rohingya-camps. 15