citizens, the SSN—by re-mapping the population via exclusions and benefits—helped to produce a specific kind of national citizenship, one that carried substantive privileges.”). 489. See, e.g., James C. Scott, Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (1998); Patrick Weil, The Sovereign Citizen: Denaturalization and the Origins of the American Republic (2013); Beatrice McKenzie, To Know a Citizen: Birthright Citizenship Documents Regimes in U.S. History, in Benjamin N. Lawrance and Jacqueline Stevens, eds., Citizenship in Question: Evidentiary Birthright and Statelessness (2016); Rachel E. Rosenbloom, From the outside Looking in: U.S. Passports in the Borderlands, in Benjamin N. Lawrance and Jacqueline Stevens, eds., Citizenship in Question: Evidentiary Birthright and Statelessness (2016); Sarah Igo, The Known Citizen (2018); John C. Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship and the State (2d ed. 2018). 490. But see John C. Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship and the State 115-16 (2d ed. 2018) (covering control of passenger ships pre-Civil War, including indemnification requirements for ship owners whose passengers “would fall on the public purse after their arrival.”). 491. Jill Lepore, These Truths: A History of the United States 314 (2018). 492. John C. Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship and the State 116 (2d ed. 2018). 493. Jill Lepore, These Truths: A History of the United States 315 (2018). 494. John C. Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship and the State 121 (2d ed. 2018). 501. Beatrice McKenzie, To Know a Citizen: Birthright Citizenship Documents Regimes in U.S. History, in Benjamin N. Lawrance and Jacqueline Stevens, eds., Citizenship in Question: Evidentiary Birthright and Statelessness 119 (2016) (“Chinese American challenges to racial exclusion led to a particular documents regime that relied on lengthy investigative interviews and the use of photographs and notarized affidavits.”); John C. Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship and the State 123 (2d ed. 2018) (photography). 502. Jill Lepore, These Truths: A History of the United States 316 (2018). 503. John C. Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship and the State (2d ed. 2018). 504. Id. 505. Id. at 125. 506. Sarah Igo, The Known Citizen 56 (2018). 507. Id. 508. Id. at 59. See also id. at 71. 509. Id. at 61; Wendy Hunter, Undocumented Nationals: Between Statelessness and Citizenship 4, 22 (2019). 510. Id.. See also id. at 62 (“In a nation in which the original ‘undocumented’ were white middle- and upper-class citizens, to be known to the authorities was at the turn of the century a badge of deficiency.”). 511. See id. at 72-73. 512. Id. 513. Id. at 74. 495. Beatrice McKenzie, To Know a Citizen: Birthright Citizenship Documents Regimes in U.S. History, in Benjamin N. Lawrance and Jacqueline Stevens, eds., Citizenship in Question: Evidentiary Birthright and Statelessness 120 (2016). 514. See Evan Selinger & Woodrow Hartzog, Privacy and Obscurity, Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Technology (2014). 496. John C. Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship and the State 118-120 (2d ed. 2018). 516. Id. at 79 (“In the post-New Deal era, SSNs would evolve without much comment from a ‘single-use’ identifier into one useful to a profusion of agencies in both the public and private sector.”). 497. John C. Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship and the State (2d ed. 2018). 498. Beatrice McKenzie, To Know a Citizen: Birthright Citizenship Documents Regimes in U.S. History, in Benjamin N. Lawrance and Jacqueline Stevens, eds., Citizenship in Question: Evidentiary Birthright and Statelessness 119 (2016). 499. John C. Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship and the State 1122 (2d ed. 2018). 500. Id. at 121, 124. 184 515. Sarah Igo, The Known Citizen 75 (2018). 517. Soc. Sec. Admin., Report to Congress on Options for Enhancing the Social Security Card, Chapter II – The Number, https://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/ssnreportc2.html.; Soc. Sec. Admin., Social Security Numbers for Noncitizens (Mar. 2018), https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/ EN-05-10096.pdf. 518. Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116 (1958). 519. Gorbach v. Reno, 219 F.3d 1087, 1096 (9th Cir. 2000). 520. Ramzi Kassem, Passport Revocation as Proxy UNMAKING AMERICANS