people identified for deportation through Secure Communities are from Latin American countries, while 2% are from Asia and 1% are from Europe and Canada.”). 452. Jennifer Lynch, HART: Homeland Security’s massive new database will include face recognition, DNA, and peoples’ “non-obvious relationships”, EFF (June 7, 2018), https://www. eff.org/deeplinks/2018/06/hart-homeland-securitys-massive-new-database-will-include-face-recognition-dna-and. See also Alvaro M. Bedoya, The Color of Surveillance: What an infamous abuse of power teaches us about the modern spy era, Slate (Jan. 18, 2016), https://slate.com/technology/2016/01/ what-the-fbis-surveillance-of-martin-luther-king-saysabout-modern-spying.html. 453. Jonathan Jones, Forensic tools: what’s reliable and what’s not-so-scientific, Frontline (Apr. 17, 2012), https://www.pbs. org/wgbh/frontline/article/forensic-tools-whats-reliableand-whats-not-so-scientific/. 454. Unique Identification Authority of India, https://uidai. gov.in/. 455. Pam Dixon, A Failure to “Do No Harm” – India’s Aadhaar biometric ID program and its inability to protect privacy in relation to measures in Europe and the U.S., 7 Health & Tech. 539 (2017), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC5741784/#CR15. 456. See, e.g., Gemalto, Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) – a short history (Apr. 29, 2019), https://www.gemalto.com/govt/biometrics/afis-history. 457. Jones, supra note 453; Anne Q. Hoy, Fingerprint source identity lacks scientific basis for legal certainty, AAAS (Sept. 14, 2017), https://www.aaas.org/news/ fingerprint-source-identity-lacks-scientific-basis-legal-certainty. 458. Jamie Walvisch, Fingerprinting to solve crimes: not as robust as you think, The Conversation (Oct. 23, 2017), https:// theconversation.com/ fingerprinting-to-solve-crimes-not-as-robust-as-youthink-85534. 459. Id. 460. Gemalto, DHS’s automated biometric identification system IDENT – the heart of biometric visitor identification in the USA (Mar. 7, 2019), https://www.gemalto.com/govt/ customer-cases/ident-automated-biometric-identification-system. 461. Id. 462. Id. US-VISIT data is now integrated into IDENT. 463. Lynch, supra note 452. 464. Id. “DHS is not taking necessary steps with its new HART database to determine whether its own data and the data collected from its external partners are sufficiently accurate to prevent innocent people from being 182 identified as criminal suspects, immigration law violators, or terrorists.” (internal references omitted). 465. Id. 466. Id. 467. See generally Aram A. Gavoor and Daniel Miktus, Snap: How the Moral Elasticity of the Denaturalization Statute Goes Too Far, 23 Wm. & Mary Bill Rts. J. 637, 665 (2015) (“[T]he group membership and association provision of the denaturalization statute…violates the First Amendment’s protection of expressive association and the equal protection component of the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause. Additionally, § 1451(c) over-penalizes innocent conduct, and therefore bears a striking resemblance to criminal laws that overcriminalize harmless conduct.”). 468. Patrick Weil, The Sovereign Citizen: Denaturalization and the Origins of the American Republic 52 (2013). 469. Closed cases as of June 1, 2019. 470. For an in-depth review of immigration waivers see Donna Lee Elm, Susan R. Klein & Elissa Steglich, Immigration Defense Waivers in Federal Criminal Plea Agreements, 69 Mercer L. Rev. 1 (2018), https://law.utexas. edu/faculty/publications/2018-immigration-waivers-in-federal-criminal-plea-agreements/download. 471. Id. at 37. 472. Memorandum from Jefferson Sessions, Att’y Gen., Renewed Commitment to Criminal Immigration Enforcement to All Federal Prosecutors (Apr. 11, 2017), https://www. justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/956841/download. 473. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Tool Kit for Prosecutors (Apr. 2011), 34, available at https://www. ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/osltc/pdf/tool-kit-for-prosecutors.pdf. 474. Aimee J. Carmichael, Sarah Maloney, Benjamin Mark Moss & Erica Seger, Crimmigration: the Changing Landscape of Criminal Immigration Consequences, 65 U.S. Attorneys’ Bulletin (July 2017), at 111, https://www.justice. gov/usao/page/file/986131/download. 475. Id. at 117. 476. American Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on Immigration, Crossroads: The Psychology of Immigration in the New Century (2012), https://www.apa. org/images/immigration-report_tcm7-134644.pdf. 477. National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, Persistent Fear and Anxiety Can Affect Young Children’s Learning and Development (Harvard University Center on the Developing Child, Working Paper No. 9, 2010), http:// developingchild.harvard.edu/wp-content/ uploads/2010/05/Persistent-Fear-and-Anxiety-CanAffect-Young-Childrens-Learning-and-Development.pdf. UNMAKING AMERICANS