STATELESSNESS AND CITIZENSHIP IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY Methodology and acknowledgements This report was written on the basis of desk and field research conducted from May-August 2016 in the six Partner States of the East African Community (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda), and has been updated to June 2018. The author visited Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda, and conducted interviews with state officials, relevant staff of UNHCR and other international agencies, national civil society groups, and institutions and organisations (such as children’s homes and legal aid clinics) likely to have encountered individuals affected by these problems, as well as representatives of affected communities introduced by these key informants. The report was presented and debated during a two-day meeting held in Arusha, Tanzania, in March 2017, with the participation of representatives of the Kenyan, Burundian, and South Sudanese governments, and experts from other countries in the region. It was updated to take into account those comments, which were much appreciated. It was discussed again among EAC representatives at the first meeting of government focal points on statelessness in the Member States of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region held in Naivasha, Kenya, in April 2018; subsequent written comments from the state representatives of Burundi, Rwanda, South Sudan, and Tanzania were incorporated into the final draft. The research did not include any quantitative survey to establish the extent of statelessness, but sought rather to identify stateless and at-risk groups based on a mix of legal analysis and qualitative field research. The report must be regarded as the foundation for further study of statelessness issues in each country. The tables comparing provisions of national citizenship laws included throughout the report inevitably involve some simplification of complex provisions, and should not be relied upon for definitive statement of the law: those wishing to understand particular provisions should rather refer to the original texts. The author would like to thank the staff of UNHCR who provided invaluable logistical support and technical advice, especially: June Munala and Benedicte Voos (succeeding each other in the Regional Support Centre for the East, Central, Horn of Africa and Great Lakes Region), Laura Parker (in the Regional Support Centre, for updating and editing assistance), Wanja Munaita (Kenya), Florian Hoepfner (Rwanda), Godlove Kifikilo (Tanzania), and Umar Yakhyaev (Uganda). In addition, in Kenya, thanks are due to Diana Gichengo of the Kenya Human Rights Commission, Mustafa Mahmoud of Namati, and Phelix Lore of the Haki Centre; in Tanzania, to Professor Bonaventure Rutinwa of the University of Dar es Salaam; and in Uganda, to Hala Al-Karib of the Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA) and to Marshall Alenyo. The Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (Banjul) kindly facilitated the research. Thanks also to the following people for their comments and contributions to drafts of this report: Olivia Bueno and Lucy Hovil (International Refugee Rights Initiative), Ibrahima Kane (Open Society Foundations), Tamara Keating (IOM), Godlove Kifikilo (UNHCR), Amelia Kuch (University of Edinburgh), Mustafa Mahmoud (Namati), Jonathan Marskell (World Bank), Joe Oloka Onyango (Makerere University), and Jaap van der Straaten. Particular thanks to Marshall Alenyo for contributions to the research based on his encyclopaedic knowledge of citizenship law and its application in Uganda. The views expressed and any errors are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the official view of UNHCR. This report may be quoted, cited, and uploaded to other websites, provided that the source is acknowledged. *** Dedicated to the memory of Adam Hussein Adam ii UNHCR / September 2018