STATELESSNESS AND CITIZENSHIP IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY
Stranded migrants in transit ...................................................................................................................... 43
Deportees from countries outside the region ............................................................................................ 43
Arbitrary deprivation ................................................................................................................................. 44
Burundi .................................................................................................................................... 45
People of Omani descent and other Muslims ............................................................................................ 46
Kenya ....................................................................................................................................... 47
Descendants of pre-independence Mozambican migrants in Kwale County ............................................. 48
Pemba and Comorian migrants from Zanzibar .......................................................................................... 49
Descendants of Zimbabwean missionaries ................................................................................................ 49
Rwandans, Burundians and others ............................................................................................................ 50
South Asians: Children of British Overseas Citizens and others ................................................................. 50
Somali Kenyans and Somali refugees ........................................................................................................ 53
Descendants of Nubians settled in Kenya before independence ............................................................... 55
Rwanda .................................................................................................................................... 55
Congolese refugees .................................................................................................................................... 57
South Sudan............................................................................................................................. 58
Northerners and cross-border ethnic groups ............................................................................................. 59
Ngok Dinka of Abyei................................................................................................................................... 59
Mbororo (Falata) pastoralists .................................................................................................................... 59
IDPs in South Sudan ................................................................................................................................... 60
Tanzania................................................................................................................................... 60
Comorians in Zanzibar ............................................................................................................................... 63
Makonde in Zanzibar ................................................................................................................................. 64
Long-term migrants and refugees, and their children ............................................................................... 65
Uganda .................................................................................................................................... 67
Children of Ugandan Asian “returnees” ..................................................................................................... 68
The Maragoli community in Kiryandongo.................................................................................................. 69
Somalis from Somaliland and Somalia....................................................................................................... 70
Long-term refugees: Rwandans, Congolese, Sudanese ............................................................................. 70
6. International law on nationality and statelessness .......................................... 72
International standards ........................................................................................................... 72
African standards .................................................................................................................... 73
The jurisprudence of the African human rights bodies .......................................................... 74
7. The East African Community legal and policy framework ................................ 76
The EAC and the ICGLR ............................................................................................................ 77
8. Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 79
Extent of statelessness and profiles of those at risk ............................................................... 79
The impact of statelessness .................................................................................................... 79
Legal frameworks .................................................................................................................... 80
The status of pastoralists ........................................................................................................ 82
Statelessness and lack of identity documents ........................................................................ 82
The importance of due process and transparency ................................................................. 84
Efforts to reduce statelessness ............................................................................................... 85
Regional cooperation mechanisms ......................................................................................... 85
UNHCR / September 2018