8 Summary This policy paper presents a regional analysis of remaining challenges and action areas to address the risk of statelessness among Roma communities in the Western Balkans. The paper draws on and consolidates information from six papers drafted by European Network on Statelessness (ENS) member organisations from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo*, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. These papers were produced as part of projects supported by the Roma Integration Phase III Joint Programme of the European Union and the Council of Europe, through grants awarded to ENS and its member organisations.1 The paper identifies persistent legal, administrative, and structural barriers that prevent thousands of individuals from accessing civil documents, citizenship, and other fundamental rights. Despite commendable progress— including acces-sion to key international conventions, legal reforms, and regional political com-mitments—statelessness remains a systemic issue, particularly affecting Roma communities. The paper underscores the need for inclusive, evidence-based, and community-informed policy and service responses that are adequately resourced and institutionally embedded. By resourcing and supporting action in the areas outlined, Beneficiaries can make decisive progress towards ending statelessness and ensuring that no one is left without legal identity, citizenship, and a sense of belonging. * This designation is without prejudice to positions on status and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo Declaration of Independence. 1 The organisations are: Tirana Legal Aid Society and Roma Active Albania in Albania, Association Vaşa Prava BiH in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Roma Versitas Kosovo in Kosovo, Phiren Amenca – Walk with Us in Montenegro, Macedonian Young Lawyers Association in North Macedonia, and Praxis in Serbia.