Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 1. Palestinian Refugees, UN Institutions, and Durable Solutions 5 2. The 1951 Refugee Convention 5 2.1. The Meaning of Protection Under the 1951 Refugee Convention 6 2.2. Article 1D of the Refugee Convention 8 11 3. Conditions for Palestinians in UNRWA’s Area of Operation and Neighboring States 4. Nationality vs Statelessness: Are Palestinians Stateless? 11 4.1. Nationality vs Statelessness 12 4.2. Are Palestinians Stateless? 16 5. Article 1D Jurisprudence 17 5.1. CJEU Jurisprudence 21 5.2. Analysis of CJEU Jurisprudence 24 5.3. Article 1D’s Application in Domestic Jurisdictions (Belgium, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, The United Kingdom) 29 6. 1954 Convention Jurisprudence and Case Studies 31 7. 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 32 8. European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 33 Conclusion