(ILA) and the Israel Lands Council. It also defined “Israel Lands” as lands in the ownership of the State, the JNF, and the Development Authority. The land they manage is prohibited from being transferred, even to its rightful owner. Up until this day, laws are still enacted by the Israeli regime to forcibly transfer Palestinians and assert its grip on their lands, such as the 2009 Land Law Reform,20 which prevents Palestinian refugees and IDPs from asserting any claims to land within the Israeli judicial system. Due to the exclusionary and discriminatory policies at the hands of the State and its proxy institutions such as the JNF, Palestinian citizens of Israel are effectively blocked from leasing land on 80 percent of State land.21 As explained above, the land was confiscated from Palestinians, then administered for the purposes of Israeli state-building, and finally the land was and continues to be privately sold.22 C. Restriction on Use and Access In addition to the use of force and the enactment of different laws mentioned above, Israel restricts Palestinian use and access to their lands by refusing to recognize the villages in which Palestinian communities have been living in for centuries (1) but also by designating them as natural parks and reserves (2). 1. Unrecognized Villages in the Naqab Desert The Naqab (Negev) desert comprises 60 percent of the total area of Israel. Palestinian Bedouin population owns 5.5 percent of it, which represents 600,000 dunums.23 Bedouins have lived on their ancestral lands for centuries. However, 20 Enacted to facilitate the transfer of land ownership between the ILA and the JNF, the 2009 Land Law Reform grounded a transitional process of state-owned to privatelyowned land by a bona fide buyer, making it impossible for Palestinians to claim rights on their lands. See BADIL, Land Confiscation and Denial of Use, 31. 21 ADALAH, The Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel, March 2011, 32, Available at https://www.adalah.org/uploads/oldfiles/upfiles/2011/Adalah_The_ Inequality_Report_March_2011.pdf [Hereinafter: ADALAH, The inequality Report]. 22 BADIL, Land Confiscation and Denial of Use, 31. 23 BADIL, Land Confiscation and Denial of Use, 40. 7