www.develo pme ntp athw ays . c o . uk /p ub l i c ati on s / ugandas-senior-citizens-grant-a-success-story-fromthe-heart-of-africa/; Fred Merttens, et al., “Evaluation of the Uganda Social Assistance Grants for Empowerment (SAGE) Programme Impact after Two Years of Programme Operations 2012–2014” (Oxford Policy Management, April 2016). 83 Expanding Social Protection Program, “The State of Older Persons in Uganda Situational Analysis Report,” September 2020, 80–81, https:// www.developmentpathways.co.uk/wp-content/ uploads/2020/10/ESP-OP-Study-Final-12-Oct.pdf. 84 Expanding Social Protection Program, 80. 85 The Reality Check Approach + Project Team, “Perspectives and Experiences of Old People in Uganda, 2017,” 2017, http://www.reality-check-approach.com/ uploads/6/0/8/2/60824721/esp_uganda_v.8_logo_final. pdf. 86 Clerk to Parliament, “Resolutions of Parliament on the Report of the Committee on Gender, Labour and Social Development on the Social Assistance Grant for Empowerment (SAGE) Scheme,” November 28, 2018. 87 Elizabeth Kamurungi, “Elderly to Receive Grants at 60 Years,” Daily Monitor, November 6, 2020, https:// www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/elderly-toreceive-grants-at-60-years-2732606. 88 Uganda Bureau of Statistics, “National Population Projections by Single Age and Sex (2015–2040).” 89 Clerk to Parliament, “Resolutions of Parliament on the Report of the Committee on Gender, Labour and Social Development on the Social Assistance Grant for Empowerment (SAGE) Scheme,” 3. 90 Expanding Social Protection Program, “The State of Older Persons in Uganda Situational Analysis Report,” 12. 91 Uganda Bureau of Statistics, “National Population Projections by Single Age and Sex (2015–2040).” 92 Expanding Social Protection Program, “The State of Older Persons in Uganda Situational Analysis Report,” 15. 93 Expanding Social Protection Program, 27. 94 Expanding Social Protection Program, 31. 95 Stephen Ojiambo Wandera, Betty Kwagala, and James Ntozi, “Determinants of Access to Healthcare by Older Persons in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study,” International Journal for Equity in Health 14, no. 1 (March 7, 2015): 10, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-015-0157-z. 96 Expanding Social Protection Program, “The State of Older Persons in Uganda Situational Analysis Report,” 74. 97 Charles Kiiza Wamara and Maria Irene Carvalho, “Discrimination and Injustice against Older People in Uganda: Implications for Social Work Practice,” International Social Work, August 28, 2019, 3, https://doi. org/10.1177/0020872819858740. 98 Bukuluki and Watson, “Transforming Cash Transfers: Beneficiary and Community Perspectives on the Senior Citizen Grant (SCG) in Uganda,” 30. 99 Bukuluki and Watson, 30. 100 Committee on Gender, Labour and Social Development, “Report of the Committee on Gender, Labour and Social Development on the Social Assistance Grant for Empowerment Scheme (SAGE),” 19. 101 Minister of Gender Labour and Social Development, “SAGE Operations Manual June 2016,” June 2017. 102 Expanding Social Protection Programme, “Senior Citizens Grants Beneficiaries Selected from National ID,” May 31, 2016, https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/ search?q=cache:WD_0fgliDfEJ:https://socialprotection. go.ug/senior-citizens-grants-beneficiaries-selectedfrom-national-id/+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk . (“Analysing the NIRA data against the Uganda National Population and Housing census 2014, we found discrepancies which showed that there are many older persons who did not register with the national ID exercise. And chances that some of those who did not go for the ID registration exercise are some of the oldest are very high. We therefore reserved 50 places (out of the 100) to cover those very old who may not have gone for the ID registration.”) 103 Expanding Social Protection Programme. 104 Committee on Defence and Internal Affairs, “Report of the Committee of Defence and Internal Affairs on the Registration of Persons Bill, 2014 (Including Minority Report),” 5–7. 105 Jaap Van Der Straaten and Rotterdam, “Identification for Development It Is Not. ’Inclusive and Trusted Digital ID Can Unlock Opportunities for the World’s Most Vulnerable’–A Review.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020, 119–26, https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19300.19841. 106 Uganda Bureau of Statistics, “National Population Projections by Single Age and Sex (2015–2040).” 107 There were many issues with this model, see discussion in UK Department for International Development, “Management Response & Recommendations Action Plan,” 8–10, accessed February 8, 2021, https://assets. publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/607527/ManagementResponse-to-the-Evaluation-of-Uganda-SocialAssistance-Grants-for-Empowerment.pdf. 108 The Independent, “Post Bank Starts Disbursement of Grants to Senior Citizens,” The Independent Uganda: (blog), June 30, 2020, https://www.independent.co.ug/ post-bank-starts-disbursement-of-grants-to-seniorcitizens/. 109 Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, “Press Release: Centenary Bank Named Payment Service Provider for Senior Citizens Grants,” June 17, 2020. 110 Independent News Team, “Patients Need National ID Numbers to Access Services in New Mulago Hospital,” The Independent Uganda, July 16, 2019, sec. NEWS, https://www.independent.co.ug/patients-need-nationalid-numbers-to-access-services-in-new-mulago-hospital/. 111 “Uganda: National ID Records to Be Linked to HIV Management System,” Observer, February 26, 2019, https://allafrica.com/stories/201902260548.html; “Government to Give Drugs to Only Patients with National IDs,” Daily Monitor, May 21, 2018, https://www. monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/government-togive-drugs-to-only-patients-with-national-ids-1757568. 112 Hansard Parliamentary Debates, March 11, 2020, 23 (“At the moment, the National Medical Stores are exploring. As a means of controlling the theft of drugs in health units, they want to use national identity cards as a benchmark and develop a package so that, once you go for treatment, your particulars are punched in the system. You are treated, prescribed with medicines and know what you have consumed, as a way of monitoring.”) 113 We spoke with 109 health workers in public facilities, and 78 of these told us that the National ID Card was required at their facility. 114 We spoke with 53 health workers in private facilities, including private not-for-profit and faith-based facilities, as well as private pharmacies. 115 Uganda Bureau of Statistics, “2020 Statistical Abstract,” xxxi. 116 Irene Among, “Gender and Social Inclusion Analysis: Uganda,” USAID, August 2017, 10, https://www.usaid. gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Gender_Social_ Inclusion._Final_Report_08.23.17.pdf. 117 Ministry of Health, “Key Health Sector Achievements 2019–2020,” December 1, 2020, 7. 118 Initiative for Social and Economic Rights (ISER), “For Us We Are like Forgotten People: Assessment of Health Services in Amudat District,” July 2018, 50. 119 Initiative for Social and Economic Rights (ISER), 50. 120 Initiative for Social and Economic Rights (ISER), “Are How a National Security Approach to Uganda’s National Digital ID Has Led to Wholesale Exclusion of Women and Older Persons 81