ENDNOTES 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 322 “Data Warehouse.” “Data Warehouse.” “Data Warehouse.” “Nauru Data,” World Health Organization, accessed December 14, 2023, https://data.who.int/countries/520. “Data Warehouse.” UN Statistics Division, Coverage of Birth and Death Registration’ (February 2021) <https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ demographic-social/crvs/> UN Statistics Division, Coverage of Birth and Death Registration’ (February 2021) <https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ demographic-social/crvs/> “Samoa DHS -MICS 2019-20” (Samoa Bureau of Statistics, Government of Samoa, May 2021), https://washdata.org/sites/ default/files/2022-02/Samoa%202019-20%20DHS-MICS_sm.pdf. UN Statistics Division, Coverage of Birth and Death Registration’ (February 2021) <https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ demographic-social/crvs/> “Data Warehouse.” UN Statistics Division, Coverage of Birth and Death Registration’ (February 2021) <https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ demographic-social/crvs/> UN Statistics Division, Coverage of Birth and Death Registration’ (February 2021) <https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ demographic-social/crvs/> “Births, Australia Methodology, 2022,” Australian Bureau of Statistics, October 18, 2023, https://www.abs.gov.au/ methodologies/births-australia-methodology/2022. UNHCR Human Rights Liaison Unit, Universal Periodic Review: THE REPUBLIC OF THE FIJI ISLANDS, March 2014, available at: https://uprdoc.ohchr.org/uprweb/downloadfile.aspx?filename=1226&file=EnglishTranslation Pacific Community and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 2021, 'Civil registration and vital statistics in the Republic of the Marshall Islands,’ 3, <https://sdd.spc.int/digital_library/civil-registration-and-vital-statistics-marshall-islands> Committee on the Rights of the Child, ‘Concluding Observations on the Second Periodic Report of the Federated States of Micronesia’ UN Doc CRC/C/FSM/CO/2 (3 April 2020) [31]. Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined second to fourth periodic reports of Samoa, 12 July 2016, CRC/C/WSM/CO/2-4, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/concluding-observations/ crccwsmco2-4-concluding-observations-combined-second-fourth Kristen Anderson et al., “Situation Analysis of Children in Solomon Islands” (Suva: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), December 2017), https://www.unicef.org/pacificislands/media/1221/file/Situation-Analysis-of-Children-Solomon-Islands. pdf. Kristen Anderson et al., “Situation Analysis of Children in Tuvalu” (UNICEF, December 2017), https://www.unicef.org/ pacificislands/media/1266/file/Situation-Analysis-of-Children-Tuvalu.pdf. Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined second to fourth periodic reports of Kiribati, 12 September 2022, CRC/C/KIR/CO/2-4, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/ Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC%2FC%2FKIR%2FCO%2F2-4&Lang=en “Young Women’s Empowerment and Teenage Pregnancy in the Pacific” (United Nations Population Fund, October 2013), https://pacific.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/UNFPASWOPPacificSupplementIamNotaLostCauseLR5final_0.pdf. Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined second to fourth periodic reports of Samoa, 12 July 2016, CRC/C/WSM/CO/2-4, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/concluding-observations/ crccwsmco2-4-concluding-observations-combined-second-fourth Omar Dabbagh, “Teenage Mothers in the Solomon Islands Are Being Shunned by Their Communities,” SBS News, June 3, 2019, https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/teenage-mothers-in-the-solomon-islands-are-being-shunned-by-theircommunities/6otkui26j. Committee on the Rights of the Child, ‘Concluding Observations on the Initial Report of Tonga’ UN Doc CRC/C/TON/CO/1 (2 July 2019) [29]. UNICEF, 'Child Protection Case Study: Partnerships Promoting High Birth Registration in Kiribati' (UNICEF’s Child Protection Programme), 2, <www.unicef.org/pacificislands/media/991/file/Case-Study-Kiribati.pdf> “CIVIL REGISTRATION AND VITAL STATISTICS IN FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA” (Pacific Community, 2021), https://spccfpstore1.blob.core.windows.net/digitallibrary-docs/files/78/78b3f8f185baf2c0b1e29bb6f2f0c674. pdf?sv=2015-12-11&sr=b&sig=WUzO6qc07mnh1rwThNKdHPSjdkGSfQv1hL43ZTifIcU%3D& se=2024-04-03T21%3A36%3A24Z&sp=r&rscc=public%2C%20max-age%3D864000%2C%20maxstale%3D86400&rsct=application%2Fpdf&rscd=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22CRVS_FSM_2021.pdf%22. Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act (2008), Part 2, s 13 (Tuvalu); Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the second and third periodic reports of Solomon Islands, 28 February 2018, CRC/C/SLB/CO/2-3; Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined second to fourth periodic reports of Fiji, 13 October 2014, CRC/C/FJI/CO/2-4, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.as px?symbolno=CRC%2FC%2FFJI%2FCO%2F2-4&Lang=en; Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined second to fourth periodic reports of Kiribati, 12 September 2022, CRC/C/KIR/CO/2-4, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC%2FC%2FKIR%2FCO%2F24&Lang=en Selahattin Selsah Pasali and Weixun Hu, 'Inequality of Opportunity in Asia and the Pacific: Assessing Birth Registration in Fiji' (Working Paper, 22 August 2023) <www.unescap.org/kp/2023/inequality-opportunity-asia-and-pacific-assessing-birthregistration-fiji> 17 STATELESSNESS ENCYCLOPEDIA ASIA PACIFIC (DETAILED VERSION) ENDNOTES 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 Selahattin Selsah Pasali and Weixun Hu, 'Inequality of Opportunity in Asia and the Pacific: Assessing Birth Registration in Fiji' (Working Paper, 22 August 2023) <www.unescap.org/kp/2023/inequality-opportunity-asia-and-pacific-assessing-birthregistration-fiji> 17 “Citizenship,” text, Australian Passport Office (Australian Passport Office, March 5, 2018), https://www.passports.gov.au/ getting-passport-how-it-works/documents-you-need/citizenship. Citizenship of Fiji Regulations (2009) Notes s 3. “Application for a Kiribati Passport” (Kiribati Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration, January 2014), https://www.mfa. gov.ki/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Application-for-a-Kiribati-passport-Adult-Version-1-final-approved-Jan-2014.pdf. Naoero Citizenship Act (2017) Form 5, http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/acts/d9558102ba619a8d5e8f33ed5dfecbba. pdf “I’m a New Zealand Citizen but Travel on My Foreign Passport,” Immigration New Zealand, accessed December 14, 2023, https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/already-have-a-visa/my-situation-has-changed/live/im-now-a-newzealand-citizen-but-travel-on-my-old-passport. “Forms,” Tonga Consulate General, accessed December 14, 2023, https://tongaconsul.com/forms. “Good Practices Paper - Action 7: Ensuring Birth Registration for the Prevention of Statelessness” (UNHCR, 2017), https:// www.unhcr.org/ke/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Good-Practices-Paper-on-Ensuring-Birth-Registration-for-thePrevention-of-Statelessness.pdf. Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea (1975) Part IV, Article 81. Citizenship Act (2004) s 22(2) (Samoa). Citizenship Act (2018) Part 5, Article 32(3)(b) (Solomon Islands). See e.g., Jonathan Simon and Heather Alexander, ‘No Port, No Passport: Why Submerged States Can Have No Nationals’ (2017) 26(2) Washington International law Journal 307; Jan McAdam, Climate Change, Forced Migration and International Law (Oxford University Press, 2012); Jane McAdam et al, International Law and Sea-Level Rise: Forced Migration and Human Rights’ (FNI Report 1/2016, Fridtjof Nansen Institute and the Kaldor Centre for International refugee Law); UNHCR, SFS and IMO, ‘A Toolbox: Planning Relocations to Protect People from Climate and Environmental Change’ (Report, 2017); Barbara Buckinx, Matt Edbrooke and Rana Ibrahem, ‘Self-Determination and Sea-Level Rise’ (Policy Paper, Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination, April 2021); Jenny Grote Stoutenburg, ‘When Do States Disappear?’ in Michael B Gerrard and Gregory E Wannier (eds), Threatened Island Nations: Legal Implication of Rising Seas and a Changing Climate (Cambridge University Press, 2013); Maxine A Burkett, ‘The Nation Ex-Situ’ in Michael B Gerrard and Gregory E Wannier (eds), Threatened Island Nations: Legal Implication of Rising Seas and a Changing Climate (Cambridge University Press, 2013); Jennifer Saxon, ‘Disappearing States, Rising Statelessness: The Twin Crises Just Around the Corner’, RLI Blog (Online, 14 December 2020) <https://rli.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2020/12/14/disappearing-states-rising-statelessness-the-twin-crises-just-around-the-corner/>. See Peter McMullin Centre on Statelessness, Norwegian Refugee Council and UNHCR, ‘Statelessness and Climate Change’ (October 2021) <https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/3945081/Statelessness-and-Climate-Change.pdf>. See further Buckinx, Edbrooke and Ibrahem (n 202) 5–7. Citizenship Act (2008) s 7(6) (Tuvalu). “Tuvalu: Constitutional Amendment Enshrines Statehood in Perpetuity in Response to Climate Change,” web page, Library of Congress, September 29, 2023, https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2023-09-28/tuvalu-constitutionalamendment-enshrines-statehood-in-perpetuity-in-response-to-climate-change/. The Constitution of Tuvalu Bill 2022, Part 1, s 2(5)b. Australian Citizenship Act (2007) s 11(a). Australian Citizenship Act (2007) s 12(b). Australian Citizenship Act (2007) s 16. Australian Citizenship Act (2007) s 19(a). Australian Citizenship Act (2007) s 14. Australian Citizenship Act (2007) s 21(8). Australian Citizenship Act (2007) s 21(8). Australian Citizenship Act (2007) s 21(8). “The Impact of Indefinite Detention: The Case to Change Australia’s Mandatory Detention Regime” (Amnesty International, August 2021), https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/asa120012005en.pdf. “Major Findings and Recommendations of the Inquiry,” Australian Human Rights Commission, May 13, 2004, https:// humanrights.gov.au/our-work/projects/17-major-findings-and-recommendations-inquiry. Australian Citizenship Act (2007) s 22(1). See ‘Recent Changes in Australian Refugee Policy’, The Refugee Council of Australia, 1 March 2021, https://www. refugeecouncil.org.au/recent-changes-australian-refugee-policy/10/; ‘Temporary Protection Visas and Safe Haven Enterprise Visas’, The Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law, 2 November 2020, https://www.kaldorcentre.unsw.edu. au/publication/temporary-protection-visas Paul Karp, “Indefinite Immigration Detention Ruled Unlawful in Landmark Australian High Court Decision,” The Guardian, November 8, 2023, sec. Australia news, https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/nov/08/australia-high-courtindefinite-detention-ruling-government. Karp. “Dual Citizenship,” Australian Embassy in Denmark (corporateName= Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade), accessed December 15, 2023, https://denmark.embassy.gov.au/cpgn/Citizenship.html. Nationality and Citizenship Act (1948) s 17. REPORT 2024 323