CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III safeguards for children adopted by nationals; and many also have provisions to grant nationality to foundlings (children found on the territory whose parentage is unknown), but laws vary in terms of age restrictions for foundlings and requirements for adoption. Relatively few OSCE participating States have implemented safeguards that effectively ensure nationality for all children, regardless of the administrative or immigration status or gender of their parents. Many OSCE participating States have high rates of birth registration and laws prohibiting discrimination, but these are not always applied to effectively ensure that all children’s births are registered or that all eligible children can acquire nationality. Only a few OSCE participating States have effective, explicit prohibitions on information sharing between birth registers and immigration enforcement, robust nationality determination procedures, or child-friendly statelessness determination procedures.49 CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII See e.g., Statelessness and the Right to a Nationality in Europe: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities, International conference and technical meetings of experts Strasbourg, 23-24 September 2021, Council of Europe, July 2022; and Birth registration and the prevention of statelessness in Europe, updated November 2024, ENS, 2024. ANNEXES 23 RECOMMENDATIONS 49