treatment by police were reported. Continuing border fencing along the administrative boundary lines of the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia had further negative impact on economic and social rights of local residents. BACKGROUND Parliamentary elections on 8 October resulted in the ruling party – the Georgian Dream – increasing its majority to 115 seats. The main opposition party – United National Movement (UNM) – gained 27 seats and the right-wing conservative party – Patriot’s Alliance – six. Secretly recorded private conversations and intimate activities by opposition figures and journalists were leaked ahead of elections. Five people, including a former security official, were arrested on suspicion of being responsible for illegally obtaining the recordings. The investigation was ongoing at the end of 2016. De facto authorities and Russian forces in the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia continued to restrict movement across the administrative boundary line, detaining dozens of people: several detainees complained of torture and other ill-treatment, including beatings, during the prolonged arbitrary detentions. On 19 May, a man was killed by a Russian soldier while trying to cross into Abkhazia. An investigation into his death by the de facto authorities was ongoing at the end of the year. The increased fencing along the administrative boundary lines negatively impacted the rights to work, food and adequate standard of living of local residents, after they lost access, partly or completely, to their orchards, pasture and arable land. JUSTICE SYSTEM Concerns over the lack of judicial independence and selective justice were raised, by both local and international observers. On 12 January, the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights reported that courts were more likely to approve Amnesty International Report 2016/17 detention or give custodial sentences to members of the UNM compared with bail and fines issued to pro-government activists in comparable cases. On 16 May, five former senior Ministry of Defence officials (appointed by former Minister of Defence Irakli Alasania, who had since become a key political opposition figure), were convicted of “misusing” GEL 4.1 million (US$2.1 million) by the Tbilisi City Court and sentenced to seven years’ imprisonment each. They were found guilty despite the prosecution’s failure to provide sufficient evidence of “malicious intent”, a necessary element of the crime they were charged with. On 10 June, the Tbilisi Court of Appeals upheld the 2015 ruling of the lower court, which transferred the ownership of the proopposition broadcaster, Rustavi 2, to its former owner. He had claimed that he sold the company more than a decade earlier under pressure from the then UNM government. The litigation took place after the statute of limitations had expired, and was widely believed to have been supported by the current government with a view to depriving the UNM of its main mouthpiece ahead of the parliamentary elections. On 14 June, the European Court of Human Rights ruled in Merabishvili v Georgia that the repeated extension of the applicant’s pre-trial detention on corruption charges “lacked reasonableness” and was used “as an additional opportunity to obtain leverage over the unrelated investigation” into the death of former Prime Minister Zurab Zhvania and financial activities of former President Mikheil Saakashvili. On 21 July, the Chairman of the Constitutional Court stated that some judges of the Court were pressured by the authorities to delay verdicts or rule in their favour in several high-profile cases. Prosecutors opened an investigation into his allegations on 1 August. FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY The right to freedom of peaceful assembly remained largely unrestricted, bar some 165